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Fort Trašte
Fort Trašte (Montenegrin: ''Tvrđava Trašte''/Тврђава Траште, (ドイツ語:Werk Traste)) is a fortification built by the Austro-Hungarian Empire near Tivat in Montenegro. Built on a hill between 1907–09, it overlooks the Bay of Trašte on one side and the plain of Tivatsko polje on the other. The fort was intended to secure the bay against possible landings from the sea. It was bombarded during World War I but sustained little damage. The collapse of the empire in 1918 led to the abandonment of the fort. It is now derelict but is still in fairly good condition externally, with its rotating gun cupolas still ''in situ''.
==Background==
The southernmost tip of the Austro-Hungarian Empire included the area of the Bay of Kotor, which was used by the empire as a major naval base centred on the town of Kotor (known then as ''Cattaro''). The hinterland behind the bay was controlled by the independent principality (later kingdom) of Montenegro, which controlled the mountains to the east of Kotor.
To the south-west of Kotor is the flat plain of Tivatsko polje, on which Tivat Airport now stands, with a range of low hills lying between the plain and the sea. The fort is situated on the hill of Grabovac overlooking the Bay of Trašte on one side and Tivatsko polje on the other. The main road through the region, now the Adriatic Highway, was of vital strategic importance to the Austro-Hungarians as it connected their southernmost possessions – Budva and the surrounding area – with the naval base at Kotor and the port at Tivat. At the start of the 20th century its defences comprised a series of temporary fortifications established up to 40 years previously.〔Sullivan, p. 68〕
Montenegro's 1905 acquisition of powerful new long-ranged artillery guns, which put the entire coastal strip within range of shellfire, made the existing fortifications obsolete. This prompted the Austrians to set up in 1906 a "Commission to Secure the Naval Base of Cattaro". It was decided to establish a powerful new fortress on Grabovac hill which would be a combined artillery fort and a forward infantry stronghold. It would form part of an integrated defence system to counter the Montenegrin batteries on Mount Lovćen, work with the Škaljari Battery, Fort Vrmac and Fort Gorazda to secure the Župa valley, and support the coastal battery at Radisevice in the event of a seaborne attack.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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